Panama’s geology is shaped by its position at the convergence of the Pacific and Caribbean tectonic plates. It consists mainly of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, with the Isthmus of Panama forming due to volcanic activity and plate movements around 3 million years ago. This geological history created the land bridge connecting North and South America, influencing global ocean currents and biodiversity. The country has mountainous terrain, with the Central Cordillera running through it, and features active fault lines, occasional earthquakes, and some extinct volcanoes like Volcán Barú, the highest peak in Panama.
