North America’s geology is a complex mix of ancient cratons, active mountain ranges, and vast sedimentary basins. The continent hosts some of the oldest rocks on Earth in the Canadian Shield, while the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains reveal long histories of tectonic activity. Rich in mineral resources, the region includes oil deposits in the Gulf of Mexico and coal in the Appalachian Basin. The San Andreas Fault along the West Coast is a prominent tectonic boundary, driving earthquakes and ongoing geological change. North America’s geology reflects diverse, evolving landscapes shaped by billions of years of Earth’s history.
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