Israel’s geology reflects its position at the meeting point of the African and Arabian tectonic plates. The country features a diverse range of geological formations, including the Syrian-African Rift Valley, which runs through the Jordan Valley and includes the Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth. To the west, the coastal plain is dominated by younger sedimentary rocks, while the Negev Desert in the south showcases ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as unique formations like Makhtesh Ramon, a large erosion crater. Israel’s geology also includes karstic limestone formations, which have shaped its caves and aquifers, and a history of seismic activity due to its location along the Dead Sea Transform fault system.
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